I am sure Chas will do a much better job of answering these questions, but for me 1Password is a great password manager. It is from a Canadian company, Agilebits, but you can go to their website for this product at
https://1password.com
It runs on Macs and iOS devices, syncs beautifully between all your devices and you can set and save your own complex password or let the program suggest a VERY secure password that is different for each site you visit. You never have to remember any of these - you just remember the single password you set to get into the application.
There are also other areas within the program for storing secure notes, (eg. a list of all your credit card numbers, or other information you want to keep from prying eyes but would never remember yourself.)
As to a "cheaper" iPhone, I am still really happy with my 2 year old iPhone SE which has all the power I need for my basic needs. You might still find one at local retailers but it will likely be locked.
Locked means that the phone is ties to a particular service provider (eg Telus, Rogers, etc.) and INITIALLY you can't switch to another service provider. This scheme is in place because often people buy their phone from someone like Telus, who offer the phone for a price ranging from free to only a few hundred dollars, but then you are locked into paying then a monthly fee for the cell service at a fairly high cost which helps them recover the true cost of the phone (many hundreds of dollars depending on model.) This situation has changed for the better in recent times because the government has now legislated that the carriers MUST unlock the phone after a few months (although you are still obligated to pay out your contract of course.) But that allows you to use the phone on another carrier when you want to, especially when travelling for example.
An unlocked phone comes with no ties to any carrier. (You can buy a completely unlocked iPhone directly from Apple). That allows you to travel from the very first day and use it on any carrier wherever you go when you purchase a short term plan while in that area. While buying an unlocked phone is going to be much more expensive initially, because you are paying the full REAL price completely, you can generally then find a monthly plan at a far cheaper rate if your needs are simple. This can sometimes be cheaper over a 2 year period, but with some of the great specials that are offered on locked phones from time to time, you really need to do the math to see which way is better for you.
Finally there are cheap pay-as-you go providers like Petri-Canada and 7-11 that allow very cheap rates for a basic service but I am not sure if they will sell you a plan if you already have a phone. They may expect to sell you a phone while offering such a plan. You would need to check the details to be sure. I have used both prior to my iPhone with one of their cheap flip phones (no longer available it seems.) Of the two 7-11 proved to be better because you weren't required to top up the service plan as often as at Petro-Canada.
The really bad news is that you should give up hope of winning the Christmas iPhone. I fully intend to win that one!
Dave T